Abstract
Full Text
How Populism and Culture Wars Affect Fundamental Rights
João Ferreira Dias
This paper examines the intricate relationship between populism, culture wars, and fundamental rights. It explores how the rise of populist movements and the intensification of culture wars reshape the interpretation and implementation of fundamental rights, often polarizing societal values and threatening democratic principles. By delving into the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, the paper highlights how populism amplifies ideological divides, leveraging culture wars to contest principles of equality, freedom of expression, and social justice. The study categorizes populism into economic, political, and cultural strands, analyzing their combined effects with culture wars on the discourse and practices of democracy. Using examples such as the rollback of reproductive rights in the United States and the use of nationalist narratives in Brazil and India, the paper underscores the tangible consequences of these dynamics. This exploration reveals the challenges these contentious forces pose to the principles of democracy, human rights, and social cohesion, as well as their influence on competing democratic models: liberal, majoritarian, and minoritarian.
Keywords: populism, culture wars, fundamental rights, democracy.
References
Alekseev, A. (2023). Sovereignty in political discourses of the European populist radical right: The right of the people and the right of the peoples. In J. Rone, N. Brack, R. Coman, & A. Crespy (Eds.), Sovereignty in conflict: Political, constitutional and economic dilemmas in the EU (pp. 211-243). Palgrave Macmillan.
Barbosa Rodrigues, L. (2021). Manual de direitos fundamentais e de direitos humanos. Lisboa: Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa.
Brubaker, R. (2017). Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), 1191-1226. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1294700
Canovan, M. (1981). Populism. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Canovan, M. (1999). Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy. Political Studies, 47(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00184
Cubitt, G. (Ed.). (1998). Imagining nations. Manchester University Press.
Elgenius, G., & Rydgren, J. (2022). Nationalism and the politics of nostalgia. Sociological Forum, 37(4), 1230-1243. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.2022.37.issue-4
Ferreira Dias, J. (2022). The culture war in Ukraine: The struggle against global pluralism. Polis, 2(6), 99-104.
Ferreira Dias, J. (2022b). Political messianism in Portugal: The case of André Ventura. Slovenská Politologická Revue, 22(1), 79-107.
Freeden, M. (2017). After the Brexit referendum: Revisiting populism as an ideology. Journal of Political Ideologies, 22(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2016.1260813
Fukuyama, F. (2018). Identity: Contemporary identity politics and the struggle for recognition. Profile Books.
Gouveia, J. B. (2023). Direitos fundamentais: Teoria geral, dogmática da constituição portuguesa. Lisboa: Leya.
Hallin, D. C. (2019). Mediatisation, neoliberalism and populisms: The case of Trump. Contemporary Social Science, 14(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2018.1526583
Hawkins, K. A. (2009). Is Chávez populist? Measuring populist discourse in comparative perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 42(8), 1040-1067. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009331721
Hawkins, K. A., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2017). The ideational approach to populism. Latin American Research Review, 52(4), 513-528. https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.85
Hofstadter, R. (1966). The paranoid style in American politics and other essays. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Hunter, J. D. (1991). Culture wars: The struggle to control the family, art, education, law, and politics in America. New York: Basic Books.
Hunter, J. D. (1996). Reflections on the culture wars hypothesis. In J. L. Nolan Jr. (Ed.), The American culture wars (pp. 37-58). University Press of Virginia.
Kaltwasser, C. R., Taggart, P. A., Ochoa Espejo, P., & Ostiguy, P. (Eds.). (2017). The Oxford handbook of populism.Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.001.0001
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (2001). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. London: Verso.
Leonardo, Z. (2004). The color of supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 36(2), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.00057.x
Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die. London: Penguin Books.
Lindholm, C., & Zúquete, J. P. (2010). The struggle for the world: Liberation movements for the 21st century. Stanford University Press.
Marchi, R. (2015). A identidade de Portugal no discurso da direita radical: Do multirracialismo ao etnonacionalismo. Estudos Ibero-Americanos, 41(2), 422-442. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2015.2.19456
Marchi, R., & Bruno, G. (2016). A extrema-direita europeia perante a crise dos refugiados. Revista de Estudos Políticos, 50, 39-56.
Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Nadkarni, M., & Shevchenko, O. (2004). The politics of nostalgia: A case for comparative analysis of post-socialist practices. Ab Imperio, 2, 487-519. https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2004.0050
Rydgren, J. (2005). Is extreme right-wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family. European Journal of Political Research, 44(3), 413-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00233.x
Stanley, J. (2018). How fascism works: The politics of us and them. Random House Trade Paperbacks.
Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Turner, J. M. (2018). The Republican reversal. Harvard University Press.
Wuthnow, R. (1996). Christianity and civil society: The contemporary debate. London: A&C Black.
Zúquete, J. P. (2018). The Identitarians: The movement against globalism and Islam in Europe. University of Notre Dame Press.
Zúquete, J. P. (2022). Populismo: Lá fora e cá dentro. Lisboa: Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos.
[1] This article was produced with the founding of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Ref.: UI/BD/151564/2021.
Abstract
Full Text
How Populism and Culture Wars Affect Fundamental Rights
João Ferreira Dias
This paper examines the intricate relationship between populism, culture wars, and fundamental rights. It explores how the rise of populist movements and the intensification of culture wars reshape the interpretation and implementation of fundamental rights, often polarizing societal values and threatening democratic principles. By delving into the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, the paper highlights how populism amplifies ideological divides, leveraging culture wars to contest principles of equality, freedom of expression, and social justice. The study categorizes populism into economic, political, and cultural strands, analyzing their combined effects with culture wars on the discourse and practices of democracy. Using examples such as the rollback of reproductive rights in the United States and the use of nationalist narratives in Brazil and India, the paper underscores the tangible consequences of these dynamics. This exploration reveals the challenges these contentious forces pose to the principles of democracy, human rights, and social cohesion, as well as their influence on competing democratic models: liberal, majoritarian, and minoritarian.
Keywords: populism, culture wars, fundamental rights, democracy.
References
Alekseev, A. (2023). Sovereignty in political discourses of the European populist radical right: The right of the people and the right of the peoples. In J. Rone, N. Brack, R. Coman, & A. Crespy (Eds.), Sovereignty in conflict: Political, constitutional and economic dilemmas in the EU (pp. 211-243). Palgrave Macmillan.
Barbosa Rodrigues, L. (2021). Manual de direitos fundamentais e de direitos humanos. Lisboa: Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa.
Brubaker, R. (2017). Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), 1191-1226. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1294700
Canovan, M. (1981). Populism. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Canovan, M. (1999). Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy. Political Studies, 47(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00184
Cubitt, G. (Ed.). (1998). Imagining nations. Manchester University Press.
Elgenius, G., & Rydgren, J. (2022). Nationalism and the politics of nostalgia. Sociological Forum, 37(4), 1230-1243. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.2022.37.issue-4
Ferreira Dias, J. (2022). The culture war in Ukraine: The struggle against global pluralism. Polis, 2(6), 99-104.
Ferreira Dias, J. (2022b). Political messianism in Portugal: The case of André Ventura. Slovenská Politologická Revue, 22(1), 79-107.
Freeden, M. (2017). After the Brexit referendum: Revisiting populism as an ideology. Journal of Political Ideologies, 22(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2016.1260813
Fukuyama, F. (2018). Identity: Contemporary identity politics and the struggle for recognition. Profile Books.
Gouveia, J. B. (2023). Direitos fundamentais: Teoria geral, dogmática da constituição portuguesa. Lisboa: Leya.
Hallin, D. C. (2019). Mediatisation, neoliberalism and populisms: The case of Trump. Contemporary Social Science, 14(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2018.1526583
Hawkins, K. A. (2009). Is Chávez populist? Measuring populist discourse in comparative perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 42(8), 1040-1067. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009331721
Hawkins, K. A., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2017). The ideational approach to populism. Latin American Research Review, 52(4), 513-528. https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.85
Hofstadter, R. (1966). The paranoid style in American politics and other essays. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Hunter, J. D. (1991). Culture wars: The struggle to control the family, art, education, law, and politics in America. New York: Basic Books.
Hunter, J. D. (1996). Reflections on the culture wars hypothesis. In J. L. Nolan Jr. (Ed.), The American culture wars (pp. 37-58). University Press of Virginia.
Kaltwasser, C. R., Taggart, P. A., Ochoa Espejo, P., & Ostiguy, P. (Eds.). (2017). The Oxford handbook of populism.Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.001.0001
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (2001). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. London: Verso.
Leonardo, Z. (2004). The color of supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 36(2), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.00057.x
Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die. London: Penguin Books.
Lindholm, C., & Zúquete, J. P. (2010). The struggle for the world: Liberation movements for the 21st century. Stanford University Press.
Marchi, R. (2015). A identidade de Portugal no discurso da direita radical: Do multirracialismo ao etnonacionalismo. Estudos Ibero-Americanos, 41(2), 422-442. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2015.2.19456
Marchi, R., & Bruno, G. (2016). A extrema-direita europeia perante a crise dos refugiados. Revista de Estudos Políticos, 50, 39-56.
Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Nadkarni, M., & Shevchenko, O. (2004). The politics of nostalgia: A case for comparative analysis of post-socialist practices. Ab Imperio, 2, 487-519. https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2004.0050
Rydgren, J. (2005). Is extreme right-wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family. European Journal of Political Research, 44(3), 413-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00233.x
Stanley, J. (2018). How fascism works: The politics of us and them. Random House Trade Paperbacks.
Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Turner, J. M. (2018). The Republican reversal. Harvard University Press.
Wuthnow, R. (1996). Christianity and civil society: The contemporary debate. London: A&C Black.
Zúquete, J. P. (2018). The Identitarians: The movement against globalism and Islam in Europe. University of Notre Dame Press.
Zúquete, J. P. (2022). Populismo: Lá fora e cá dentro. Lisboa: Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos.
[1] This article was produced with the founding of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Ref.: UI/BD/151564/2021.
Abstract
Full Text
How Populism and Culture Wars Affect Fundamental Rights
João Ferreira Dias
This paper examines the intricate relationship between populism, culture wars, and fundamental rights. It explores how the rise of populist movements and the intensification of culture wars reshape the interpretation and implementation of fundamental rights, often polarizing societal values and threatening democratic principles. By delving into the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, the paper highlights how populism amplifies ideological divides, leveraging culture wars to contest principles of equality, freedom of expression, and social justice. The study categorizes populism into economic, political, and cultural strands, analyzing their combined effects with culture wars on the discourse and practices of democracy. Using examples such as the rollback of reproductive rights in the United States and the use of nationalist narratives in Brazil and India, the paper underscores the tangible consequences of these dynamics. This exploration reveals the challenges these contentious forces pose to the principles of democracy, human rights, and social cohesion, as well as their influence on competing democratic models: liberal, majoritarian, and minoritarian.
Keywords: populism, culture wars, fundamental rights, democracy.
References
Alekseev, A. (2023). Sovereignty in political discourses of the European populist radical right: The right of the people and the right of the peoples. In J. Rone, N. Brack, R. Coman, & A. Crespy (Eds.), Sovereignty in conflict: Political, constitutional and economic dilemmas in the EU (pp. 211-243). Palgrave Macmillan.
Barbosa Rodrigues, L. (2021). Manual de direitos fundamentais e de direitos humanos. Lisboa: Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa.
Brubaker, R. (2017). Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), 1191-1226. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1294700
Canovan, M. (1981). Populism. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Canovan, M. (1999). Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy. Political Studies, 47(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00184
Cubitt, G. (Ed.). (1998). Imagining nations. Manchester University Press.
Elgenius, G., & Rydgren, J. (2022). Nationalism and the politics of nostalgia. Sociological Forum, 37(4), 1230-1243. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.2022.37.issue-4
Ferreira Dias, J. (2022). The culture war in Ukraine: The struggle against global pluralism. Polis, 2(6), 99-104.
Ferreira Dias, J. (2022b). Political messianism in Portugal: The case of André Ventura. Slovenská Politologická Revue, 22(1), 79-107.
Freeden, M. (2017). After the Brexit referendum: Revisiting populism as an ideology. Journal of Political Ideologies, 22(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2016.1260813
Fukuyama, F. (2018). Identity: Contemporary identity politics and the struggle for recognition. Profile Books.
Gouveia, J. B. (2023). Direitos fundamentais: Teoria geral, dogmática da constituição portuguesa. Lisboa: Leya.
Hallin, D. C. (2019). Mediatisation, neoliberalism and populisms: The case of Trump. Contemporary Social Science, 14(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2018.1526583
Hawkins, K. A. (2009). Is Chávez populist? Measuring populist discourse in comparative perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 42(8), 1040-1067. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009331721
Hawkins, K. A., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2017). The ideational approach to populism. Latin American Research Review, 52(4), 513-528. https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.85
Hofstadter, R. (1966). The paranoid style in American politics and other essays. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Hunter, J. D. (1991). Culture wars: The struggle to control the family, art, education, law, and politics in America. New York: Basic Books.
Hunter, J. D. (1996). Reflections on the culture wars hypothesis. In J. L. Nolan Jr. (Ed.), The American culture wars (pp. 37-58). University Press of Virginia.
Kaltwasser, C. R., Taggart, P. A., Ochoa Espejo, P., & Ostiguy, P. (Eds.). (2017). The Oxford handbook of populism.Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.001.0001
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (2001). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. London: Verso.
Leonardo, Z. (2004). The color of supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 36(2), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.00057.x
Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die. London: Penguin Books.
Lindholm, C., & Zúquete, J. P. (2010). The struggle for the world: Liberation movements for the 21st century. Stanford University Press.
Marchi, R. (2015). A identidade de Portugal no discurso da direita radical: Do multirracialismo ao etnonacionalismo. Estudos Ibero-Americanos, 41(2), 422-442. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2015.2.19456
Marchi, R., & Bruno, G. (2016). A extrema-direita europeia perante a crise dos refugiados. Revista de Estudos Políticos, 50, 39-56.
Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Nadkarni, M., & Shevchenko, O. (2004). The politics of nostalgia: A case for comparative analysis of post-socialist practices. Ab Imperio, 2, 487-519. https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2004.0050
Rydgren, J. (2005). Is extreme right-wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family. European Journal of Political Research, 44(3), 413-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00233.x
Stanley, J. (2018). How fascism works: The politics of us and them. Random House Trade Paperbacks.
Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Turner, J. M. (2018). The Republican reversal. Harvard University Press.
Wuthnow, R. (1996). Christianity and civil society: The contemporary debate. London: A&C Black.
Zúquete, J. P. (2018). The Identitarians: The movement against globalism and Islam in Europe. University of Notre Dame Press.
Zúquete, J. P. (2022). Populismo: Lá fora e cá dentro. Lisboa: Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos.
[1] This article was produced with the founding of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Ref.: UI/BD/151564/2021.