Mandate Inflation: How Populists Claim Authority to Challenge Global Constraints
Muhammad Faizan Aslam*
References
Amiti, M., Redding, S. J., & Weinstein, D. E. (2019). The Impact of the 2018 Tariffs on Prices and Welfare. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(4), 187–210. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.4.187
Batory, A. (2016). Populists in Government? Hungary’s System of National Cooperation. Democratization, 23(2), 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1076214
Bellodi, L., Morelli, M., & Vannoni, M. (2024). A Costly Commitment: Populism, Economic Performance, and the Quality of Bureaucracy. American Journal of Political Science, 68(1), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12782
Bowen, A., Burke, M., Donovan, C., Gillingham, K., Moore, F. C., Stavins, R., Wagner, G., & Ward, B. (2020). The Economic Case for the United States to Remain in the Paris Agreement on Climate Change [Policy Brief]. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science and Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GRI_The-economic-case-for-the-United-States-to-remain-in-the-Paris-Agreement-on-climate-change.pdf
Brusenbauch Meislova, M., & Chryssogelos, A. (2024). The Ambiguous Impact of Populist Trade Discourses on the International Economic Order. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiad296
Carnegie, A., Clark, R., & Kaya, A. (2024). Private Participation: How Populists Engage with International Organizations. The Journal of Politics, 86(3), 877–891. https://doi.org/10.1086/727595
Carnegie, A., Clark, R., & Zucker, N. (2024). Global Governance under Populism: The Challenge of Information Suppression. World Politics, 76(4), 639–666.
Carter, P. J., & Pop-Eleches, G. (2025). Territorial Loss and Nationalist Populism. Comparative Political Studies, 58(11), 2508–2553. https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140241302753
Chishti, M., Pierce, S., & O’Connor, A. (2019). Despite Flurry of Actions, Trump Administration Faces Constraints in Achieving Its Immigration Agenda. Policy Beat. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/journal/policy-beat/despite-flurry-actions-trump-administration-faces-constraints-achieving-its
Corsini, H., & Ongaro, E. (2025). Bureaucratic Responses to Populist Government: Explaining Foreign Policy (Non-)Change. Journal of Common Market Studies, 64(1), 24–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13748
Cortijos-Bernabeu, A., Cavallaro, M., & Staerklé, C. (2026). Left Wanting and Left Unheard: A Dual Grievance Model of Populism Across Six European Countries. European Journal of Social Psychology, 56(5), 811–828. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70073
Council of the European Union. (2015). Council Decision (EU) 2015/1601 of 22 September 2015. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2015/1601/oj/eng
Council of the European Union. (2022). Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2506 of 15 December 2022 on Measures for the Protection of the Union Budget against Breaches of the Principles of the Rule of Law in Hungary. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/2506/oj/eng
Court of Justice of the European Union. (2017). Slovakia and Hungary v Council, Joined Cases C-643/15 and C-647/15.
Court of Justice of the European Union. (2024). Asylum Policy: Hungary Is Ordered to Pay a Lump Sum of 200 Million Euros and a Penalty Payment of 1 Million Euros per Day of Delay for Failure to Comply with a Judgment of the Court of Justice (Press Release No. 99/24). Court of Justice of the European Union.
Department for Exiting the European Union. (2017). The United Kingdom’s Exit from, and New Partnership with, the European Union (White Paper Cm. 9417). HM Government. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-united-kingdoms-exit-from-and-new-partnership-with-the-european-union-white-paper
Destradi, S., & Plagemann, J. (2019). Populism and International Relations: Unpredictability, Personalisation, and the Reinforcement of Existing Trends in World Politics. Review of International Studies. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210519000184
Destradi, S., & Plagemann, J. (2024). Do Populists Escalate International Disputes? International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae172
Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. I. P., Sampson, T., & Van Reenen, J. (2017). The Costs and Benefits of Leaving the EU: Trade Effects. Economic Policy, 32(92), 651–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eix015
Dijkstra, H., & Ghassim, F. (2025). Are authoritative international organizations challenged more? A recurrent event analysis of member state criticisms and withdrawals. The Review of International Organizations, 20(4), 907–935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09557-0
Ecker-Ehrhardt, M., Verhaegen, S., & Quack, S. (2025). Nonstate Actor Inclusion and the Social Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions. International Studies Quarterly, 69(2), sqaf040. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf040
European Commission. (2024a). 2024 Rule of Law Report: Country Chapter on the Rule of Law Situation in Hungary. https://commission.europa.eu/publications/2024-rule-law-report-communication-and-country-chapters_en
European Commission. (2024b). The Commission Decides to Refer Hungary to the Court of Justice concerning Its National Law on the Defence of Sovereignty. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4865
European Commission. (2024c, October 3). The Commission decides to refer HUNGARY to the Court of Justice of the European Union considering its national law on the Defence of Sovereignty to be in breach of EU law. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4865
Fajgelbaum, P. D., Goldberg, P. K., Kennedy, P. J., & Khandelwal, A. K. (2020). The Return to Protectionism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz036
Farias, D. B. L., Casarões, G., & WAJNER, D. F. (2024). Populist international (dis)order? Lessons from world-order visions in Latin American populism. International Affairs, 100(5), 2003–2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae179
Farrell, H., & Newman, A. L. (2019). Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion. International Security, 44(1), 42–79. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00351
Finbow, R. G. (2023). Populist Backlash and Trade Agreements in North America: The Prospects for Progressive Trade. Politics and Governance, 11(1), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i1.6078
Government of Hungary. (2015). Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s Presentation at the 26th Bálványos Summer Open University and Student Camp. https://2015-2019.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/the-prime-minister-s-speeches/prime-minister-viktor-orban-s-presentation-at-the-26th-balvanyos-summer-open-university-and-student-camp
Government of Hungary. (2017). Let’s Stop Brussels! National Consultation: Questionnaire and Results.
HM Government. (2018). The Future Relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-future-relationship-between-the-united-kingdom-and-the-european-union
Hungarian National Election Office. (2016). National Referendum, October 2, 2016: Result Details. https://web.archive.org/web/20161005065048/http://valasztas.hu/dyn/onepsz201610/szavossz/en/eredm_e.html
Kates, S., Manning, E., Mendelberg, T., & Wasow, O. (2026). Plutopopulism: Wealth and Trump’s Financial Base. American Political Science Review, 120(1), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055425000061
Keating, M. (2022). Taking back control? Brexit and the territorial constitution of the United Kingdom. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(4), 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1876156
Koenig, B., & Mendelberg, T. (2026). The Symbolic Politics of Status in the MAGA Movement. Perspectives on Politics, 24(1), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592725102090
Kyriazi, A. (2025). Political competition, personal ambition, and the fragility of EU membership: A comparison of Brexit and the rule of law crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 0(0), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2025.2596128
Lacatus, C. (2019). Populism and the 2016 American Election: Evidence from Official Press Releases and Twitter. PS: Political Science & Politics, 52(2), 223–228. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909651800183X
Nguyen, T. (2025). What the EU Should Do About Viktor Orbán [Policy Position]. Jacques Delors Centre. https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/what-the-eu-should-do-about-viktor-orban
Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2017). The President’s 2017 Trade Policy Agenda. Office of the United States Trade Representative.
Ozdamar, O., & Yanik, L. K. (2024). Populist Hyperpersonalization and Politicization of Foreign Policy Institutions. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae181
Pacciardi, A., Spandler, K., & Soderbaum, F. (2024). Beyond Exit: How Populist Governments Disengage From International Institutions. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae185
Pinto, P. M., Rickard, S. J., & Vreeland, J. R. (2025). The Effect of International Actors on Public Support for Government Spending Decisions. International Studies Quarterly, 69(1), sqae150. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae150
Prime Minister’s Office. (2017a). Prime Minister’s Letter to Donald Tusk Triggering Article 50. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/prime-ministers-letter-to-donald-tusk-triggering-article-50
Prime Minister’s Office. (2017b). The Government’s Negotiating Objectives for Exiting the EU: PM Speech. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/the-governments-negotiating-objectives-for-exiting-the-eu-pm-speech
Sampson, T. (2017). Brexit: The Economics of International Disintegration. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(4), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.4.163
Scheiring, G., Serrano-Alarcón, M., Moise, A., McNamara, C., & Stuckler, D. (2024a). The Populist Backlash Against Globalization: A Meta-Analysis of the Causal Evidence. British Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 892–916. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000024
Scheiring, G., Serrano-Alarcón, M., Moise, A., McNamara, C., & Stuckler, D. (2024b). The Populist Backlash Against Globalization: A Meta-Analysis of the Causal Evidence. British Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 892–916. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000024
Skonieczny, C., & Sherel, R. (2024). The Trump Effect: The Perpetuation of Populism in US-China Trade. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae183
Supreme Court of the United States. (2017). Trump v. International Refugee Assistance Project, 582 U.S. 571 (2017).
Tallberg, J., & Zürn, M. (2019). The Legitimacy and Legitimation of International Organizations: Introduction and Framework. Review of International Organizations, 14(4), 581–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-018-9330-7
Thierbach-McLean, O. (2019). Between Globalism and America First: The Ambiguous Resonance of Individualist Values in Current U.S. Foreign Policy. The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development, 5(1), Article 3.
Trump, D. J. (2017, June). Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord. The White House. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord/
Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. 667 (2018). (2018).
Trump White House Archives. (2017). The Inaugural Address. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/the-inaugural-address/
Trump White House Archives. (2018). Remarks by President Trump to the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-73rd-session-united-nations-general-assembly-new-york-ny/
UK Electoral Commission. (2016). The 2016 EU Referendum.
UK Supreme Court. (2017). R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union [2017] UKSC 5. https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2016-0196.html
United States Congress. (2018). Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, Pub. L. No. 115-141, 132 Stat. 3. https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ141/PLAW-115publ141.pdf
Voeten, E. (2020). Populism and Backlashes against International Courts. Perspectives on Politics, 18(2), 407–422. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592719000975
Wajner, D. F. (2022). The populist way out: Why contemporary populist leaders seek transnational legitimation. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 24(3), 416–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481211069345
Wajner, D. F., Destradi, S., & Zurn, M. (2024). The Effects of Global Populism: Assessing the Populist Impact on International Affairs. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae217
Wajner, D. F., & Giurlando, P. (2024). Populist Foreign Policy: Mapping the Developing Research Program on Populism in International Relations. International Studies Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viae012
Walter, S., & Plotke-Scherly, J. (2025). Responding to Unilateral Challenges to International Institutions. International Studies Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf022
Weaver, J. (2018). The 2017 National Security Strategy of the United States. Journal of Strategic Security, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.11.1.1655
Mandate Inflation: How Populists Claim Authority to Challenge Global Constraints
Muhammad Faizan Aslam*
References
Amiti, M., Redding, S. J., & Weinstein, D. E. (2019). The Impact of the 2018 Tariffs on Prices and Welfare. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(4), 187–210. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.4.187
Batory, A. (2016). Populists in Government? Hungary’s System of National Cooperation. Democratization, 23(2), 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1076214
Bellodi, L., Morelli, M., & Vannoni, M. (2024). A Costly Commitment: Populism, Economic Performance, and the Quality of Bureaucracy. American Journal of Political Science, 68(1), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12782
Bowen, A., Burke, M., Donovan, C., Gillingham, K., Moore, F. C., Stavins, R., Wagner, G., & Ward, B. (2020). The Economic Case for the United States to Remain in the Paris Agreement on Climate Change [Policy Brief]. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science and Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GRI_The-economic-case-for-the-United-States-to-remain-in-the-Paris-Agreement-on-climate-change.pdf
Brusenbauch Meislova, M., & Chryssogelos, A. (2024). The Ambiguous Impact of Populist Trade Discourses on the International Economic Order. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiad296
Carnegie, A., Clark, R., & Kaya, A. (2024). Private Participation: How Populists Engage with International Organizations. The Journal of Politics, 86(3), 877–891. https://doi.org/10.1086/727595
Carnegie, A., Clark, R., & Zucker, N. (2024). Global Governance under Populism: The Challenge of Information Suppression. World Politics, 76(4), 639–666.
Carter, P. J., & Pop-Eleches, G. (2025). Territorial Loss and Nationalist Populism. Comparative Political Studies, 58(11), 2508–2553. https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140241302753
Chishti, M., Pierce, S., & O’Connor, A. (2019). Despite Flurry of Actions, Trump Administration Faces Constraints in Achieving Its Immigration Agenda. Policy Beat. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/journal/policy-beat/despite-flurry-actions-trump-administration-faces-constraints-achieving-its
Corsini, H., & Ongaro, E. (2025). Bureaucratic Responses to Populist Government: Explaining Foreign Policy (Non-)Change. Journal of Common Market Studies, 64(1), 24–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13748
Cortijos-Bernabeu, A., Cavallaro, M., & Staerklé, C. (2026). Left Wanting and Left Unheard: A Dual Grievance Model of Populism Across Six European Countries. European Journal of Social Psychology, 56(5), 811–828. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70073
Council of the European Union. (2015). Council Decision (EU) 2015/1601 of 22 September 2015. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2015/1601/oj/eng
Council of the European Union. (2022). Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2506 of 15 December 2022 on Measures for the Protection of the Union Budget against Breaches of the Principles of the Rule of Law in Hungary. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/2506/oj/eng
Court of Justice of the European Union. (2017). Slovakia and Hungary v Council, Joined Cases C-643/15 and C-647/15.
Court of Justice of the European Union. (2024). Asylum Policy: Hungary Is Ordered to Pay a Lump Sum of 200 Million Euros and a Penalty Payment of 1 Million Euros per Day of Delay for Failure to Comply with a Judgment of the Court of Justice (Press Release No. 99/24). Court of Justice of the European Union.
Department for Exiting the European Union. (2017). The United Kingdom’s Exit from, and New Partnership with, the European Union (White Paper Cm. 9417). HM Government. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-united-kingdoms-exit-from-and-new-partnership-with-the-european-union-white-paper
Destradi, S., & Plagemann, J. (2019). Populism and International Relations: Unpredictability, Personalisation, and the Reinforcement of Existing Trends in World Politics. Review of International Studies. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210519000184
Destradi, S., & Plagemann, J. (2024). Do Populists Escalate International Disputes? International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae172
Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. I. P., Sampson, T., & Van Reenen, J. (2017). The Costs and Benefits of Leaving the EU: Trade Effects. Economic Policy, 32(92), 651–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eix015
Dijkstra, H., & Ghassim, F. (2025). Are authoritative international organizations challenged more? A recurrent event analysis of member state criticisms and withdrawals. The Review of International Organizations, 20(4), 907–935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09557-0
Ecker-Ehrhardt, M., Verhaegen, S., & Quack, S. (2025). Nonstate Actor Inclusion and the Social Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions. International Studies Quarterly, 69(2), sqaf040. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf040
European Commission. (2024a). 2024 Rule of Law Report: Country Chapter on the Rule of Law Situation in Hungary. https://commission.europa.eu/publications/2024-rule-law-report-communication-and-country-chapters_en
European Commission. (2024b). The Commission Decides to Refer Hungary to the Court of Justice concerning Its National Law on the Defence of Sovereignty. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4865
European Commission. (2024c, October 3). The Commission decides to refer HUNGARY to the Court of Justice of the European Union considering its national law on the Defence of Sovereignty to be in breach of EU law. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4865
Fajgelbaum, P. D., Goldberg, P. K., Kennedy, P. J., & Khandelwal, A. K. (2020). The Return to Protectionism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz036
Farias, D. B. L., Casarões, G., & WAJNER, D. F. (2024). Populist international (dis)order? Lessons from world-order visions in Latin American populism. International Affairs, 100(5), 2003–2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae179
Farrell, H., & Newman, A. L. (2019). Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion. International Security, 44(1), 42–79. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00351
Finbow, R. G. (2023). Populist Backlash and Trade Agreements in North America: The Prospects for Progressive Trade. Politics and Governance, 11(1), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i1.6078
Government of Hungary. (2015). Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s Presentation at the 26th Bálványos Summer Open University and Student Camp. https://2015-2019.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/the-prime-minister-s-speeches/prime-minister-viktor-orban-s-presentation-at-the-26th-balvanyos-summer-open-university-and-student-camp
Government of Hungary. (2017). Let’s Stop Brussels! National Consultation: Questionnaire and Results.
HM Government. (2018). The Future Relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-future-relationship-between-the-united-kingdom-and-the-european-union
Hungarian National Election Office. (2016). National Referendum, October 2, 2016: Result Details. https://web.archive.org/web/20161005065048/http://valasztas.hu/dyn/onepsz201610/szavossz/en/eredm_e.html
Kates, S., Manning, E., Mendelberg, T., & Wasow, O. (2026). Plutopopulism: Wealth and Trump’s Financial Base. American Political Science Review, 120(1), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055425000061
Keating, M. (2022). Taking back control? Brexit and the territorial constitution of the United Kingdom. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(4), 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1876156
Koenig, B., & Mendelberg, T. (2026). The Symbolic Politics of Status in the MAGA Movement. Perspectives on Politics, 24(1), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592725102090
Kyriazi, A. (2025). Political competition, personal ambition, and the fragility of EU membership: A comparison of Brexit and the rule of law crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 0(0), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2025.2596128
Lacatus, C. (2019). Populism and the 2016 American Election: Evidence from Official Press Releases and Twitter. PS: Political Science & Politics, 52(2), 223–228. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909651800183X
Nguyen, T. (2025). What the EU Should Do About Viktor Orbán [Policy Position]. Jacques Delors Centre. https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/what-the-eu-should-do-about-viktor-orban
Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2017). The President’s 2017 Trade Policy Agenda. Office of the United States Trade Representative.
Ozdamar, O., & Yanik, L. K. (2024). Populist Hyperpersonalization and Politicization of Foreign Policy Institutions. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae181
Pacciardi, A., Spandler, K., & Soderbaum, F. (2024). Beyond Exit: How Populist Governments Disengage From International Institutions. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae185
Pinto, P. M., Rickard, S. J., & Vreeland, J. R. (2025). The Effect of International Actors on Public Support for Government Spending Decisions. International Studies Quarterly, 69(1), sqae150. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae150
Prime Minister’s Office. (2017a). Prime Minister’s Letter to Donald Tusk Triggering Article 50. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/prime-ministers-letter-to-donald-tusk-triggering-article-50
Prime Minister’s Office. (2017b). The Government’s Negotiating Objectives for Exiting the EU: PM Speech. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/the-governments-negotiating-objectives-for-exiting-the-eu-pm-speech
Sampson, T. (2017). Brexit: The Economics of International Disintegration. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(4), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.4.163
Scheiring, G., Serrano-Alarcón, M., Moise, A., McNamara, C., & Stuckler, D. (2024a). The Populist Backlash Against Globalization: A Meta-Analysis of the Causal Evidence. British Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 892–916. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000024
Scheiring, G., Serrano-Alarcón, M., Moise, A., McNamara, C., & Stuckler, D. (2024b). The Populist Backlash Against Globalization: A Meta-Analysis of the Causal Evidence. British Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 892–916. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000024
Skonieczny, C., & Sherel, R. (2024). The Trump Effect: The Perpetuation of Populism in US-China Trade. International Affairs, 100(5). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae183
Supreme Court of the United States. (2017). Trump v. International Refugee Assistance Project, 582 U.S. 571 (2017).
Tallberg, J., & Zürn, M. (2019). The Legitimacy and Legitimation of International Organizations: Introduction and Framework. Review of International Organizations, 14(4), 581–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-018-9330-7
Thierbach-McLean, O. (2019). Between Globalism and America First: The Ambiguous Resonance of Individualist Values in Current U.S. Foreign Policy. The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development, 5(1), Article 3.
Trump, D. J. (2017, June). Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord. The White House. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord/
Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. 667 (2018). (2018).
Trump White House Archives. (2017). The Inaugural Address. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/the-inaugural-address/
Trump White House Archives. (2018). Remarks by President Trump to the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-73rd-session-united-nations-general-assembly-new-york-ny/
UK Electoral Commission. (2016). The 2016 EU Referendum.
UK Supreme Court. (2017). R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union [2017] UKSC 5. https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2016-0196.html
United States Congress. (2018). Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, Pub. L. No. 115-141, 132 Stat. 3. https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ141/PLAW-115publ141.pdf
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