‘Patriots to Defend Our Identity from the Islamisation of Europe’ : How Populist Leaders Normalise Polarisation, a Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Valeria Reggi
References
Aslanidis, P. (2016). “Is populism an ideology? A refutation and a new perspective.” Political Studies, 64(IS), pp. 88–104.
Ballacci, G. and Goodman, R. (2023). “Populism as form and content: Toward a holistic approach.” Populism, 6, pp. 1–27.
Betz, H.G. (2004). Exclusionary populism in Western Europe in the 1990s and beyond: A threat to democracy and civil rights? Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Programme Paper.
Brubaker, R. (2017). “Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), pp. 1191–1226.
Caiani, M., & Carvalho, T. (2021). “The use of religion by populist parties: the case of Italy and its broader implications.” Religion, State and Society, 49(3), 211–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2021.1949935
Combei, C.R. and Reggi, V. (2024). Appraisal, sentiment and emotion analysis in political discourse: A multimodal, multi-method approach. London: Routledge.
Evolvi, G. (2023). “‘Europe is Christian, or it is not Europe’: Post-truth politics and religion in Matteo Salvini’s tweets.” In: Conrad, M., Hálfdanarson, G., Michailidou, A., Galpin, C. and Pyrhönen, N. (eds.) Europe in the age of post-truth politics. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 131–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8_7
Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
Gerbaudo, P. (2018). “Social media and populism: An elective affinity?” Media, Culture & Society, 40(5), pp. 745–753.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Higgins, M. and Smith, A. (2014). “Disaffiliation and belonging: Twitter and its agonistic publics.” Sociologia e Politiche Sociali, 17(2), pp. 77–89.
Jagers, J. and Walgrave, S. (2007). “Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium.” European Journal of Political Research, 46, pp. 319–345. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x
KhosraviNik, M. (2017). “Right-wing populism in the West: Social media discourse and echo chambers.” Insight Turkey, 19(3), pp. 53–68.
Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. 2nd edn. London: Routledge.
Krzyżanowski, M. (2020). “Discursive shifts and the normalisation of racism: Imaginaries of immigration, moral panics, and the discourse of contemporary right-wing populism.” Social Semiotics, 30(4), pp. 503–532.
Laclau, E. (2007). On populist reason. London and New York: Verso.
Martin, J.R. and White, P.R.R. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Moffitt, B. (2016). The global rise of populism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Mudde, C. (2004). ‘The populist zeitgeist’, Government and Opposition, 39(4), pp. 541–563.
Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ostiguy, P. (2017). “Populism: A socio-cultural approach.” In: Rovira Kaltwasser, C., Taggart, P., Ochoa Espejo, P. and Ostiguy, P. (eds.) The Oxford handbook of populism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 73–97.
Plutchik, R. (1991). The emotions. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Silk, M. (1984). “Notes on the Judeo-Christian tradition in America.” American Quarterly, 36(1), pp. 65–85.
Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Taggart, P. (2004). “Populism and the political imaginary.” In: Populism and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 273–288.
Taguieff, P-A. (2002). La nouvelle judéophobie. Paris: Mille et une nuits.
Thompson, J.B. (2020). “Mediated interaction in the digital age.” Theory, Culture & Society, 37(1), pp. 3–28.
Weyland, K. (2001). “Clarifying a contested concept: Populism in the study of Latin American politics.” Comparative Politics, 34(1), pp. 1–22.
Yilmaz, I. (2023). “Civilizational populism in nation-states and democracy.” In: Yilmaz, I. (ed.) Civilizational populism in democratic nation-states. Cham: Springer, pp. 1–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4262-6_1
‘Patriots to Defend Our Identity from the Islamisation of Europe’ : How Populist Leaders Normalise Polarisation, a Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Valeria Reggi
References
Aslanidis, P. (2016). “Is populism an ideology? A refutation and a new perspective.” Political Studies, 64(IS), pp. 88–104.
Ballacci, G. and Goodman, R. (2023). “Populism as form and content: Toward a holistic approach.” Populism, 6, pp. 1–27.
Betz, H.G. (2004). Exclusionary populism in Western Europe in the 1990s and beyond: A threat to democracy and civil rights? Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Programme Paper.
Brubaker, R. (2017). “Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), pp. 1191–1226.
Caiani, M., & Carvalho, T. (2021). “The use of religion by populist parties: the case of Italy and its broader implications.” Religion, State and Society, 49(3), 211–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2021.1949935
Combei, C.R. and Reggi, V. (2024). Appraisal, sentiment and emotion analysis in political discourse: A multimodal, multi-method approach. London: Routledge.
Evolvi, G. (2023). “‘Europe is Christian, or it is not Europe’: Post-truth politics and religion in Matteo Salvini’s tweets.” In: Conrad, M., Hálfdanarson, G., Michailidou, A., Galpin, C. and Pyrhönen, N. (eds.) Europe in the age of post-truth politics. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 131–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8_7
Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
Gerbaudo, P. (2018). “Social media and populism: An elective affinity?” Media, Culture & Society, 40(5), pp. 745–753.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Higgins, M. and Smith, A. (2014). “Disaffiliation and belonging: Twitter and its agonistic publics.” Sociologia e Politiche Sociali, 17(2), pp. 77–89.
Jagers, J. and Walgrave, S. (2007). “Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium.” European Journal of Political Research, 46, pp. 319–345. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x
KhosraviNik, M. (2017). “Right-wing populism in the West: Social media discourse and echo chambers.” Insight Turkey, 19(3), pp. 53–68.
Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. 2nd edn. London: Routledge.
Krzyżanowski, M. (2020). “Discursive shifts and the normalisation of racism: Imaginaries of immigration, moral panics, and the discourse of contemporary right-wing populism.” Social Semiotics, 30(4), pp. 503–532.
Laclau, E. (2007). On populist reason. London and New York: Verso.
Martin, J.R. and White, P.R.R. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Moffitt, B. (2016). The global rise of populism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Mudde, C. (2004). ‘The populist zeitgeist’, Government and Opposition, 39(4), pp. 541–563.
Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ostiguy, P. (2017). “Populism: A socio-cultural approach.” In: Rovira Kaltwasser, C., Taggart, P., Ochoa Espejo, P. and Ostiguy, P. (eds.) The Oxford handbook of populism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 73–97.
Plutchik, R. (1991). The emotions. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Silk, M. (1984). “Notes on the Judeo-Christian tradition in America.” American Quarterly, 36(1), pp. 65–85.
Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Taggart, P. (2004). “Populism and the political imaginary.” In: Populism and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 273–288.
Taguieff, P-A. (2002). La nouvelle judéophobie. Paris: Mille et une nuits.
Thompson, J.B. (2020). “Mediated interaction in the digital age.” Theory, Culture & Society, 37(1), pp. 3–28.
Weyland, K. (2001). “Clarifying a contested concept: Populism in the study of Latin American politics.” Comparative Politics, 34(1), pp. 1–22.
Yilmaz, I. (2023). “Civilizational populism in nation-states and democracy.” In: Yilmaz, I. (ed.) Civilizational populism in democratic nation-states. Cham: Springer, pp. 1–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4262-6_1
‘Patriots to Defend Our Identity from the Islamisation of Europe’ : How Populist Leaders Normalise Polarisation, a Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Valeria Reggi
References
Aslanidis, P. (2016). “Is populism an ideology? A refutation and a new perspective.” Political Studies, 64(IS), pp. 88–104.
Ballacci, G. and Goodman, R. (2023). “Populism as form and content: Toward a holistic approach.” Populism, 6, pp. 1–27.
Betz, H.G. (2004). Exclusionary populism in Western Europe in the 1990s and beyond: A threat to democracy and civil rights? Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Programme Paper.
Brubaker, R. (2017). “Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), pp. 1191–1226.
Caiani, M., & Carvalho, T. (2021). “The use of religion by populist parties: the case of Italy and its broader implications.” Religion, State and Society, 49(3), 211–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2021.1949935
Combei, C.R. and Reggi, V. (2024). Appraisal, sentiment and emotion analysis in political discourse: A multimodal, multi-method approach. London: Routledge.
Evolvi, G. (2023). “‘Europe is Christian, or it is not Europe’: Post-truth politics and religion in Matteo Salvini’s tweets.” In: Conrad, M., Hálfdanarson, G., Michailidou, A., Galpin, C. and Pyrhönen, N. (eds.) Europe in the age of post-truth politics. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 131–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8_7
Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
Gerbaudo, P. (2018). “Social media and populism: An elective affinity?” Media, Culture & Society, 40(5), pp. 745–753.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Higgins, M. and Smith, A. (2014). “Disaffiliation and belonging: Twitter and its agonistic publics.” Sociologia e Politiche Sociali, 17(2), pp. 77–89.
Jagers, J. and Walgrave, S. (2007). “Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium.” European Journal of Political Research, 46, pp. 319–345. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x
KhosraviNik, M. (2017). “Right-wing populism in the West: Social media discourse and echo chambers.” Insight Turkey, 19(3), pp. 53–68.
Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. 2nd edn. London: Routledge.
Krzyżanowski, M. (2020). “Discursive shifts and the normalisation of racism: Imaginaries of immigration, moral panics, and the discourse of contemporary right-wing populism.” Social Semiotics, 30(4), pp. 503–532.
Laclau, E. (2007). On populist reason. London and New York: Verso.
Martin, J.R. and White, P.R.R. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Moffitt, B. (2016). The global rise of populism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Mudde, C. (2004). ‘The populist zeitgeist’, Government and Opposition, 39(4), pp. 541–563.
Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ostiguy, P. (2017). “Populism: A socio-cultural approach.” In: Rovira Kaltwasser, C., Taggart, P., Ochoa Espejo, P. and Ostiguy, P. (eds.) The Oxford handbook of populism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 73–97.
Plutchik, R. (1991). The emotions. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Silk, M. (1984). “Notes on the Judeo-Christian tradition in America.” American Quarterly, 36(1), pp. 65–85.
Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Taggart, P. (2004). “Populism and the political imaginary.” In: Populism and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 273–288.
Taguieff, P-A. (2002). La nouvelle judéophobie. Paris: Mille et une nuits.
Thompson, J.B. (2020). “Mediated interaction in the digital age.” Theory, Culture & Society, 37(1), pp. 3–28.
Weyland, K. (2001). “Clarifying a contested concept: Populism in the study of Latin American politics.” Comparative Politics, 34(1), pp. 1–22.
Yilmaz, I. (2023). “Civilizational populism in nation-states and democracy.” In: Yilmaz, I. (ed.) Civilizational populism in democratic nation-states. Cham: Springer, pp. 1–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4262-6_1