References
Applebaum, Anne. (2024). Autocracy, Inc.: The Dictators Who Want to Run the World. Doubleday.
Bayat, Asef. (2010). Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford University Press.
Besley, T. & Reynal-Querol, M. (2011). Do Democracies Select More Educated Leaders? American Political Science Review, 105(3), 552–566.
Branch, Taylor. (2013). The King Years: Historic Moments in the Civil Rights Movement. Simon & Schuster.
Chandra, Kanchan. (2016). Democratic Dynasties: State, Party and Family in Contemporary India. Cambridge University Press.
Chandhoke, Neera. (2019). Rethinking Pluralism, Secularism and Tolerance: Anxieties of Coexistence. Sage.
Chhibber, Pradeep & Verma, Rahul. (2018). Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India. Oxford University Press.
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. 558 U.S. 310 (2010).https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/558/310/
Corbridge, Stuart & Harriss, John. (2000). Reinventing India: Liberalization, Hindu nationalism and popular democracy. Polity Press.
Dahl, Robert. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. Yale University Press.
Della Porta, Donatella. (2013). Can Democracy Be Saved? Participation, Deliberation and Social Movements. Polity.
de la Torre, Carlos. (2017). “Populism in Latin America.” In: The Oxford Handbook of Populism, edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser et al. Oxford University Press.
Donald, David Herbert. (1995). Lincoln. Simon & Schuster.
Drezner, Daniel W. (2017). The Ideas Industry: How Pessimists, Partisans, and Plutocrats Are Transforming the Marketplace of Ideas. Oxford University Press.
Eatwell, Roger and Goodwin, Matthew. (2018). National Populism: The Revolt Against Liberal Democracy. Pelican.
Egidi, Massimo. (2023). “The internal fragility of representative democracy: was Schumpeter right?” Journal of Evolutionary Economics (33), ppg. 645-670.
Erikson, Erik H. (1969). Identity: Youth and Crisis. W. W. Norton.
Ferguson, Thomas. (1995). Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition. University of Chicago Press.
Gadbois, George. (2011). Judges of the Supreme Court of India: 1950–1989. Oxford University Press.
Gandhi, Mohandas K. (1927). The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Navajivan Publishing House.
Gandhi, Rajmohan. (1992). The Good Boatman: A Portrait of Gandhi. Viking.
Garrow, David. (2017). Rising Star: The Making of Barack Obama. HarperCollins.
Gerbaudo, Paolo. (2017). The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism and Global Protest. Oxford University Press.
Gilens, Martin and Page, Benjamin. (2014). “Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens.” Perspectives on Politics 12 (3): 564–581.
Goddard, Stacie E. and Newman, Abraham. (2025). “Further Back to the Future: Neo-Royalism, the Trump Administration, and the Emerging International System.” International Organization 79 (Supplement): 12-25.
Goodwin, Doris Kearns. (2005). Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. Simon & Schuster.
Greenstein, Fred. (2009). The Presidential Difference: Leadership Style from FDR to Barack Obama. Princeton University Press.
Guha, Ramachandra. (2018). Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World, 1914–1948. Penguin.
Habermas, Jürgen. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. MIT Press.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. (2003). India’s Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India. Columbia University Press.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. (2016). Modi’s India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy. Princeton University Press.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. (2021). Modi’s India: A Centralising and Authoritarian Regime. Hurst.
Jayal, Niraja Gopal. (2019). Democracy and the State: Welfare, Secularism and Development in Contemporary India.Oxford University Press.
Khan, Mushtaq H. (2012). “Political Settlements and the Governance of Growth-Enhancing Institutions.” SOAS Working Paper.
Khilnani, Sunil. (2016). Incarnations: A History of India in Fifty Lives. Penguin.
Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan. (2020). “The New Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 31(1): 51–65.
Levitsky, Steven and Ziblatt, Daniel. (2018). How Democracies Die. Crown.
Lukes, Steven. (2005). Power: A Radical View. 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan.
Maraniss, David. (1995). First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. Simon & Schuster.
McAdam, Doug. (1999). Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. University of Chicago Press.
McAdam, Doug and Kloos, Karina. (2014). Deeply Divided: Racial Politics and Social Movements in Postwar America.Oxford University Press.
McPherson, James M. (2008). Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief. Penguin.
Metcalf, Barbara D. (2022). A Concise History of Modern India. Cambridge University Press.
Milner, Helen. (2020). When States Clash: Globalization and the Politics of Domestic and International Conflict.Princeton University Press.
Milanovic, Branko. (2016). Global Inequality. Harvard University Press.
Morris, Aldon. (1984). The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. Free Press.
Mudde, Cas. (2004). “The Populist Zeitgeist.” Government and Opposition 39 (4): 541–563.
Mudde, Cas and Rovira-Kaltwasser, Cristóbal. (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
Müller, Jan-Werner. (2016). What Is Populism? University of Pennsylvania Press.
Nanda, B. R. (2002). Gandhi: A Pictorial Biography. Rupa Publications.
Nord, Marina; Altman, David; Fernandes, Tiago; God, Ana Good and Lindberg, Staffan I. (2026). Democracy Report 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute.
Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, Ronald. (2019). Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge University Press.
Page, Benjamin I.; Bartels, Larry and Seawright, Jason. (2013). “Democracy and the Policy Preferences of Wealthy Americans.” Perspectives on Politics 11(1): 51–73.
Piketty, Thomas. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Harvard University Press.
Piven, Frances Fox and Cloward, Richard. (1977). Poor People’s Movements. Vintage.
Przeworski, Adam. (2019). Crises of Democracy. Cambridge University Press.
Public Citizen. (2020). Citizens United explained. https://www.citizen.org/article/citizens-united-explained/
Putnam, Robert D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press.
Putnam, Robert D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.
Remnick, David. (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. Alfred A. Knopf.
Rudolph, Lloyd and Rudolph, Susanne. (1987). In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State.University of Chicago Press.
Ruparelia, Sanjay. (2015). Divided We Govern: Coalition Politics in Modern India. Hurst.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (1986). The Cycles of American History. Houghton Mifflin.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (1992). The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society. W. W. Norton.
Schudson, Michael. (2008). Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press. Polity.
Sen, Amartya. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Belknap Press.
Sharma, D. (2026). The Orphan Paradox: Destinies, Autocracies and Democracies in India and the United States.Bloomsbury.
Sharma, D. (2025). “The Rise of Populist Authoritarianism in India and the US: Do Family Dynasties and Big Businesses Really Control Democracy?” Virtual Workshop Series — Session 1: The Rise of Populist Authoritarianism around the World, https://www.populismstudies.org/virtual-workshop-series-session-1-the-rise-of-populist-authoritarianism-around-the-world/
Sharma, D. (2012). Barack Obama in Hawaii and Indonesia. Bloomsbury
Sharma, D. (2016). The Global Hillary. Routledge.
Sinha, S. (2011). “Gandhi after Gandhi: The Relevance of the Mahatma’s Social Thought.” Journal of Political Ideologies16 (3): 277–297.
Skocpol, Theda. (2003). Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life. University of Oklahoma Press.
Skowronek, Stephen. (1997). The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton. Harvard University Press.
Schumpeter, Joseph. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Harper.
Sen, Amartya. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Harvard University Press.
Tilly, Charles. (2004). Social Movements, 1768–2004. Paradigm.
Tiwari, Meenakshi. (2014). “Civil Society and Anti-Corruption Movements in India.” Economic and Political Weekly 49 (22).
Troy, G. (2013). Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s. Princeton University Press.
Trump, M. L. (2020). Too much and never enough: How my family created the world's most dangerous man. Simon & Schuster.
Tufekci, Z. (2017). “Engineering the public: Big data, surveillance and computational politics.” First Monday, 22(8). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i8.4901
Vaishnav, Milan. (2017). When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics. Yale University Press.
Varshney, Ashutosh. (2002). Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. Yale University Press.
White, Ronald C. (2009). A. Lincoln: A Biography. Random House.
Yilmaz, Ihsan and Bashirov, Galib. (2018). “The AKP after 15 Years: Emergence of Erdoğanism in Turkey.” Third World Quarterly 39 (9): 1812–1830.
Zaller, John. (1992). The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge University Press.
Ziblatt, Daniel and Levitsky, Steven. (2018). How Democracies Die. Crown.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.
References
Applebaum, Anne. (2024). Autocracy, Inc.: The Dictators Who Want to Run the World. Doubleday.
Bayat, Asef. (2010). Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford University Press.
Besley, T. & Reynal-Querol, M. (2011). Do Democracies Select More Educated Leaders? American Political Science Review, 105(3), 552–566.
Branch, Taylor. (2013). The King Years: Historic Moments in the Civil Rights Movement. Simon & Schuster.
Chandra, Kanchan. (2016). Democratic Dynasties: State, Party and Family in Contemporary India. Cambridge University Press.
Chandhoke, Neera. (2019). Rethinking Pluralism, Secularism and Tolerance: Anxieties of Coexistence. Sage.
Chhibber, Pradeep & Verma, Rahul. (2018). Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India. Oxford University Press.
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. 558 U.S. 310 (2010).https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/558/310/
Corbridge, Stuart & Harriss, John. (2000). Reinventing India: Liberalization, Hindu nationalism and popular democracy. Polity Press.
Dahl, Robert. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. Yale University Press.
Della Porta, Donatella. (2013). Can Democracy Be Saved? Participation, Deliberation and Social Movements. Polity.
de la Torre, Carlos. (2017). “Populism in Latin America.” In: The Oxford Handbook of Populism, edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser et al. Oxford University Press.
Donald, David Herbert. (1995). Lincoln. Simon & Schuster.
Drezner, Daniel W. (2017). The Ideas Industry: How Pessimists, Partisans, and Plutocrats Are Transforming the Marketplace of Ideas. Oxford University Press.
Eatwell, Roger and Goodwin, Matthew. (2018). National Populism: The Revolt Against Liberal Democracy. Pelican.
Egidi, Massimo. (2023). “The internal fragility of representative democracy: was Schumpeter right?” Journal of Evolutionary Economics (33), ppg. 645-670.
Erikson, Erik H. (1969). Identity: Youth and Crisis. W. W. Norton.
Ferguson, Thomas. (1995). Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition. University of Chicago Press.
Gadbois, George. (2011). Judges of the Supreme Court of India: 1950–1989. Oxford University Press.
Gandhi, Mohandas K. (1927). The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Navajivan Publishing House.
Gandhi, Rajmohan. (1992). The Good Boatman: A Portrait of Gandhi. Viking.
Garrow, David. (2017). Rising Star: The Making of Barack Obama. HarperCollins.
Gerbaudo, Paolo. (2017). The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism and Global Protest. Oxford University Press.
Gilens, Martin and Page, Benjamin. (2014). “Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens.” Perspectives on Politics 12 (3): 564–581.
Goddard, Stacie E. and Newman, Abraham. (2025). “Further Back to the Future: Neo-Royalism, the Trump Administration, and the Emerging International System.” International Organization 79 (Supplement): 12-25.
Goodwin, Doris Kearns. (2005). Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. Simon & Schuster.
Greenstein, Fred. (2009). The Presidential Difference: Leadership Style from FDR to Barack Obama. Princeton University Press.
Guha, Ramachandra. (2018). Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World, 1914–1948. Penguin.
Habermas, Jürgen. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. MIT Press.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. (2003). India’s Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India. Columbia University Press.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. (2016). Modi’s India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy. Princeton University Press.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. (2021). Modi’s India: A Centralising and Authoritarian Regime. Hurst.
Jayal, Niraja Gopal. (2019). Democracy and the State: Welfare, Secularism and Development in Contemporary India.Oxford University Press.
Khan, Mushtaq H. (2012). “Political Settlements and the Governance of Growth-Enhancing Institutions.” SOAS Working Paper.
Khilnani, Sunil. (2016). Incarnations: A History of India in Fifty Lives. Penguin.
Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan. (2020). “The New Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 31(1): 51–65.
Levitsky, Steven and Ziblatt, Daniel. (2018). How Democracies Die. Crown.
Lukes, Steven. (2005). Power: A Radical View. 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan.
Maraniss, David. (1995). First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. Simon & Schuster.
McAdam, Doug. (1999). Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. University of Chicago Press.
McAdam, Doug and Kloos, Karina. (2014). Deeply Divided: Racial Politics and Social Movements in Postwar America.Oxford University Press.
McPherson, James M. (2008). Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief. Penguin.
Metcalf, Barbara D. (2022). A Concise History of Modern India. Cambridge University Press.
Milner, Helen. (2020). When States Clash: Globalization and the Politics of Domestic and International Conflict.Princeton University Press.
Milanovic, Branko. (2016). Global Inequality. Harvard University Press.
Morris, Aldon. (1984). The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. Free Press.
Mudde, Cas. (2004). “The Populist Zeitgeist.” Government and Opposition 39 (4): 541–563.
Mudde, Cas and Rovira-Kaltwasser, Cristóbal. (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
Müller, Jan-Werner. (2016). What Is Populism? University of Pennsylvania Press.
Nanda, B. R. (2002). Gandhi: A Pictorial Biography. Rupa Publications.
Nord, Marina; Altman, David; Fernandes, Tiago; God, Ana Good and Lindberg, Staffan I. (2026). Democracy Report 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute.
Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, Ronald. (2019). Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge University Press.
Page, Benjamin I.; Bartels, Larry and Seawright, Jason. (2013). “Democracy and the Policy Preferences of Wealthy Americans.” Perspectives on Politics 11(1): 51–73.
Piketty, Thomas. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Harvard University Press.
Piven, Frances Fox and Cloward, Richard. (1977). Poor People’s Movements. Vintage.
Przeworski, Adam. (2019). Crises of Democracy. Cambridge University Press.
Public Citizen. (2020). Citizens United explained. https://www.citizen.org/article/citizens-united-explained/
Putnam, Robert D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press.
Putnam, Robert D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.
Remnick, David. (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. Alfred A. Knopf.
Rudolph, Lloyd and Rudolph, Susanne. (1987). In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State.University of Chicago Press.
Ruparelia, Sanjay. (2015). Divided We Govern: Coalition Politics in Modern India. Hurst.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (1986). The Cycles of American History. Houghton Mifflin.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (1992). The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society. W. W. Norton.
Schudson, Michael. (2008). Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press. Polity.
Sen, Amartya. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Belknap Press.
Sharma, D. (2026). The Orphan Paradox: Destinies, Autocracies and Democracies in India and the United States.Bloomsbury.
Sharma, D. (2025). “The Rise of Populist Authoritarianism in India and the US: Do Family Dynasties and Big Businesses Really Control Democracy?” Virtual Workshop Series — Session 1: The Rise of Populist Authoritarianism around the World, https://www.populismstudies.org/virtual-workshop-series-session-1-the-rise-of-populist-authoritarianism-around-the-world/
Sharma, D. (2012). Barack Obama in Hawaii and Indonesia. Bloomsbury
Sharma, D. (2016). The Global Hillary. Routledge.
Sinha, S. (2011). “Gandhi after Gandhi: The Relevance of the Mahatma’s Social Thought.” Journal of Political Ideologies16 (3): 277–297.
Skocpol, Theda. (2003). Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life. University of Oklahoma Press.
Skowronek, Stephen. (1997). The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton. Harvard University Press.
Schumpeter, Joseph. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Harper.
Sen, Amartya. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Harvard University Press.
Tilly, Charles. (2004). Social Movements, 1768–2004. Paradigm.
Tiwari, Meenakshi. (2014). “Civil Society and Anti-Corruption Movements in India.” Economic and Political Weekly 49 (22).
Troy, G. (2013). Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s. Princeton University Press.
Trump, M. L. (2020). Too much and never enough: How my family created the world's most dangerous man. Simon & Schuster.
Tufekci, Z. (2017). “Engineering the public: Big data, surveillance and computational politics.” First Monday, 22(8). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i8.4901
Vaishnav, Milan. (2017). When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics. Yale University Press.
Varshney, Ashutosh. (2002). Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. Yale University Press.
White, Ronald C. (2009). A. Lincoln: A Biography. Random House.
Yilmaz, Ihsan and Bashirov, Galib. (2018). “The AKP after 15 Years: Emergence of Erdoğanism in Turkey.” Third World Quarterly 39 (9): 1812–1830.
Zaller, John. (1992). The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge University Press.
Ziblatt, Daniel and Levitsky, Steven. (2018). How Democracies Die. Crown.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.